Philadelphia Writing Project

Supporting Civically Engaged Argument Writing with Primary Sources

Text Set

Minting New Pennies

A penny for your thoughts? As prices of goods and services increase over time due to inflation, the penny decreases in value. At this point, it costs more to mint a penny than the penny itself is worth. Students consider the question, "Should the U.S. government continue to mint new pennies?" As they look at changes in prices over time and the science and engineering behind making pennies, students will decide what a penny is worth.

FEATURED PRIMARY SOURCES

 CLASSROOM ROUTINE

7th Graders Joining a Conversation in Progress

At a time when many financial transactions are completed without cash and coin exchange, Librarian Javaha Ross believed this topic would generate discussion and debate among her middle school students.  Students were tasked with joining a conversation in progress, a C3WP strategy for young writers to step into a conversation on a current event or policy.  

Students had the opportunity to introduce a claim that emerged and evolved through repeated reading, thinking, and writing about the process of minting pennies.  Through teacher facilitated conversations, students gathered their thoughts, processed information, and contributed their own voices to an argument-in-progress by composing informed claims and writing a kernel essay draft letter. 

Students were first introduced to this issue through the text, How can metal mining impact the environment?.  Students were asked to annotate the text by marking words and phrases that were unfamiliar, asking questions about the content, and underlining key details.  Students discussed the main idea of the texts following each reading.  Javaha was able to see the questions from her students emerge and shared stances began to connect throughout this process. Following the close reading, students were tasked with recording a one page reflection.  For the final portion of this unit,  Javaha chose to have her students focus their final arguments in the form of a letter to economist and former Chair of the Federal Reserve of the United States, Janet Yellen.  

Minting Pennies Student work

TEXT SET

Introduce the Issue

Teachers may introduce one or both of the featured historical primary sources above alongside more current news articles to introduce the issue and jumpstart inquiry.

Go Deeper

Students may use these texts—or excerpts from these texts—to identify additional perspectives on the issue. 

Additional Planning Resources

Primary Sources

Classroom Informational Texts

 

This website features resources created by educators affiliated with the Philadelphia Writing Project (PhilWP), supported by a Teaching with Primary Sources grant from the Library of Congress.